CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Definition of nuclear energy
2.2 Causes using nuclear energy
2.3 Benefit of nuclear energy
2.0 Introduction
This chapter is a review of literature from journals and articles of other researchers about nuclear energy including the history, definition, factors, causes, advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy and many more information about nuclear energy.
In this chapter, there are three subsections. The first subsection is talking about the definition of nuclear energy. Nuclear energy can be defined as an energy that can be release when two light nuclei is fusion. The second subsection is about the causes of using nuclear energy. The causes of using nuclear energy are development of a country, it a cheaper and environmental-friendly source of power. The last subsection is discussing about the benefits of using nuclear energy. The benefits of using nuclear energy are it can produces much power, does not effects the global warming, the operating cost low. However, the disadvantages of this nuclear energy are terrorist can take the advantage to produce nuclear weapon, shows the high level in radiation and others.
2.1 Definition of Nuclear Energy
More and more countries are turning to the nuclear energy first as their primary source of electricity. What is meant by nuclear energy? According to Jason Chavis (2009)” nuclear energy can be release when neutrons split the nucleus of the uranium atoms, and if the fission releases more neutrons, thus it is a sustainable nuclear chain reaction”. He also said that nuclear energy was discovered in the mid-twentieth century. This statement can be proving when Jason Chavis (2009) and Funk & Wagnall (2006) said that Enrico Fermi (Italian physicist) is the first person that had experimented with nuclear fission when he bombarded uranium with neutron in 1934”. Funk & Wagnall (2006) also said that nuclear energy can be release when the fission of a heavy nucleus but there are some problems to attaining the useful nuclear fusion such as heating the gas to these very high temperatures, confining a sufficient quantity of the reacting nuclei for a long enough time, and the capture of this energy and convert to electricity. However, according to Fujii-e (1995),”Nuclear development is a nuclear science and technology. Both of them based on the reactions involved in radiation such as neutrons, gamma rays, and other charged particles with nuclei”. Furthermore, he said that in his research, he found that the nuclear development ranges from microscopic level of nuclei to the macroscopic level of cosmos.
2.2 Causes of using nuclear energy
There are many factors that caused countries to use nuclear energy to generate electricity. According to Michael Bloch(2007) “In Australia, government told that their is really depends on nuclear energy to generated electricity if not development can not occur in their country and that is what more bothersome than threat that will occur to their citizen that living near to the plant. However, Bloch M. which is more prefer to use renewable energy than nuclear energy .DW Staff (Is), (2009) agree with the Australia government. He said that "I am personally supporting nuclear energy as an important part of the EU energy mix" Fadillah Yusof( from Xinhuanet, 2009) also agreed with DW Staff. He said about the advantage of nuclear energy usage, one of it is although building nuclear plant is expensive but nuclear energy was a cheaper and environmental-friendly source of power. This is shows that how really government intend to build nuclear plant.
2.3 Benefits of nuclear energy
After through all the articles and journals, we found that there are lot of advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy. According to Prabhakar Pillai (2008)" The advantages in nuclear energy are the single nuclear reactor can produce a substantial amount of energy than coal and oil and the operating cost also low.”. Madhura Pandit (2009) and Alternativeenergy (2009) agreed with him. Pandit M. added that it is not release the greenhouse gases which can caused global warming and it is also easier to transport. Furthermore, Alternativeenergy (2009) said that nuclear energy are clean in operation, do not produce the ozone damaging gases like carbon dioxide and smoke and the amount of waste produced is small. However, three of them claimed that nuclear energy also has disadvantages. Three of them agreed that nuclear energy shows high level in radiation and terrorist can take the advantage to produce nuclear weapon within nuclear energy. Alternativeenergy also said that the disadvantages of nuclear energy are the high start-up cost, maintaining and disposal of the waste product.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Definition of nuclear energy
2.2 Causes using nuclear energy
2.3 Benefit of nuclear energy
2.0 Introduction
This chapter is a review of literature from journals and articles of other researchers about nuclear energy including the history, definition, factors, causes, advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy and many more information about nuclear energy.
In this chapter, there are three subsections. The first subsection is talking about the definition of nuclear energy. Nuclear energy can be defined as an energy that can be release when two light nuclei is fusion. The second subsection is about the causes of using nuclear energy. The causes of using nuclear energy are development of a country, it a cheaper and environmental-friendly source of power. The last subsection is discussing about the benefits of using nuclear energy. The benefits of using nuclear energy are it can produces much power, does not effects the global warming, the operating cost low. However, the disadvantages of this nuclear energy are terrorist can take the advantage to produce nuclear weapon, shows the high level in radiation and others.
2.1 Definition of Nuclear Energy
More and more countries are turning to the nuclear energy first as their primary source of electricity. What is meant by nuclear energy? According to Jason Chavis (2009)” nuclear energy can be release when neutrons split the nucleus of the uranium atoms, and if the fission releases more neutrons, thus it is a sustainable nuclear chain reaction”. He also said that nuclear energy was discovered in the mid-twentieth century. This statement can be proving when Jason Chavis (2009) and Funk & Wagnall (2006) said that Enrico Fermi (Italian physicist) is the first person that had experimented with nuclear fission when he bombarded uranium with neutron in 1934”. Funk & Wagnall (2006) also said that nuclear energy can be release when the fission of a heavy nucleus but there are some problems to attaining the useful nuclear fusion such as heating the gas to these very high temperatures, confining a sufficient quantity of the reacting nuclei for a long enough time, and the capture of this energy and convert to electricity. However, according to Fujii-e (1995),”Nuclear development is a nuclear science and technology. Both of them based on the reactions involved in radiation such as neutrons, gamma rays, and other charged particles with nuclei”. Furthermore, he said that in his research, he found that the nuclear development ranges from microscopic level of nuclei to the macroscopic level of cosmos.
2.2 Causes of using nuclear energy
There are many factors that caused countries to use nuclear energy to generate electricity. According to Michael Bloch(2007) “In Australia, government told that their is really depends on nuclear energy to generated electricity if not development can not occur in their country and that is what more bothersome than threat that will occur to their citizen that living near to the plant. However, Bloch M. which is more prefer to use renewable energy than nuclear energy .DW Staff (Is), (2009) agree with the Australia government. He said that "I am personally supporting nuclear energy as an important part of the EU energy mix" Fadillah Yusof( from Xinhuanet, 2009) also agreed with DW Staff. He said about the advantage of nuclear energy usage, one of it is although building nuclear plant is expensive but nuclear energy was a cheaper and environmental-friendly source of power. This is shows that how really government intend to build nuclear plant.
2.3 Benefits of nuclear energy
After through all the articles and journals, we found that there are lot of advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy. According to Prabhakar Pillai (2008)" The advantages in nuclear energy are the single nuclear reactor can produce a substantial amount of energy than coal and oil and the operating cost also low.”. Madhura Pandit (2009) and Alternativeenergy (2009) agreed with him. Pandit M. added that it is not release the greenhouse gases which can caused global warming and it is also easier to transport. Furthermore, Alternativeenergy (2009) said that nuclear energy are clean in operation, do not produce the ozone damaging gases like carbon dioxide and smoke and the amount of waste produced is small. However, three of them claimed that nuclear energy also has disadvantages. Three of them agreed that nuclear energy shows high level in radiation and terrorist can take the advantage to produce nuclear weapon within nuclear energy. Alternativeenergy also said that the disadvantages of nuclear energy are the high start-up cost, maintaining and disposal of the waste product.